Peanut butter is arguably one of the most successful ‘processed food’ inventions of the 20th century, with a global value of over $6 million. It even has its own celebration day, National Peanut Butter Day, today!
The Origins of Peanut Butter
Inspired by four leading lights over a century ago: Marcus Gilmore Edson of Canada, Dr John Harvey Kellogg, Dr Ambrose Straub of St. Louis, Missouri, and chemist Joseph Rosefield.
In 1884, Edson developed a process to make peanut paste from milling roasted peanuts between two heated plates. The famous cereal maker and health food specialist of the time, Kellogg, patented a process with raw peanuts in 1895. Dr. Straub is responsible for patenting a peanut butter making machine in 1903.
But the man who brought us the peanut butter we know and love today was Joseph Rosefield. In 1922, through homogenization, Rosefield was able to keep peanut oil from separating from the peanut solids. He later sold the patent to a company that began making Peter Pan peanut butter.
Nutritional Values of Peanut Butter
As a canine nutritionist I’ve watched the doggy peanut butter market boom, and I find it very worrying. What perplexes me is the rise in ‘dog-friendly’ peanut butter cramming supermarket and pet shop’s shelves. From ‘flavoured’ chews, foods, treats, and peanut butter to use with interactive toys for dogs.
A whole food, minimally processed, organic raw brand of peanut butter is good in moderation for humans, packed with bio-available protein, along with a good source of Vitamin B6, Vitamin E , Calcium, Iron, Potassium, and its rich in monounsaturated fat; but nuts are not a species appropriate ingredient for dogs, as they’re not comprised of animal fats and animal proteins.
Peanuts are in fact a legume; so, they’re from the family that includes lentils, beans, peas, and chickpeas. All of which are very nutritious for humans as omnivores, but not so much for dogs as carnivores.
The Myth of Peanut Butter
Whilst peanut butter is marketed as perfect for use in enrichment accessories like LickiMats, and if you think that a Kong stuffed with an organic and sugar/Xylitol-free peanut butter is safer than ultra-processed biscuit treats, the hard fact of the matter is that this is not correct!
Most peanut butter contains Aflatoxins, which are naturally occurring mycotoxins found in peanuts, figs, and hazelnuts, produced by a fungus called Aspergillus. Over time, such mycotoxins accumulate and target the liver, which can lead to serious liver damage, even cancer.
Many overly processed peanut butter brands will contain hydrogenated fats, known as trans fats. They are present in many processed foods as they make foods more ‘stable’, giving them a longer ‘shelf-life’. Science suggests that trans fats can cause chronic inflammation, diabetes and heart disease. So, check the label for trans fats before you buy your peanut butter. If you see hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils in the ingredients, choose another brand, ideally one that’s raw.
In terms of natural fat content, peanuts are extremely high in Omega 6, way exceeding the balance advised for dogs of 3:1 Omega 6 to Omega 3. Too much Omega 6 can trigger inflammation in the body, contributing to atopic skin conditions and joint disease.
Peanuts also naturally contain lectins. These are proteins made by plants as a defence mechanism against predators. They create an inflammatory response in the animal that eats them, which makes them sick, so they avoid that food in future. Lectins can bind to carbohydrates and sugars in the body, and interrupt messaging between cells and inflammatory reactions, so are best avoided!
Of course, considering if the peanuts are organic or whether strong herbicides like glyphosate could have been used in their farming production is another consideration. Such herbicides can trigger endocrine disrupting reactions as an ‘environmental stressor’, which are becoming ubiquitous in the modern world.
Alternatives for Your Dog
Certainly, I do not recommend peanut butter for your dog when there’s so much else to choose from; not least wholefood home-made options, like banana mashed in organic natural yoghurt, frozen bone broth, mild cheese, chopped fruits, cottage cheese, the list could go on….
At best feed peanut butter in moderation in teaspoon quantities. I believe there are better options to enrich your dog, not least offering them a raw meaty bone, or a Kong stuffed with home-roasted organic chicken, beef or lamb with some health boosting fruits like frozen blueberries.
As a Canine Nutrition and Behaviour expert, Anna combines her psychology degree, with study at the College of Integrated Veterinary Therapies (CIVT) and over 20 years of experience. Host of the award-nominated A DOG’S LIFE podcast, she lives in London and is owned by Prudence, a Miniature Bull Terrier and Mr. Binks, a re-homed English Toy Terrier. www.annawebb.co.uk
The expression comes from the ancient medic, Hippocrates, who famously postulated in 600 BC that: “food should be your medicine and medicine should be your food.”
I was lucky to have grown up in the 1970’s feeding our family dogs, as learnt ’back in the day’, on meats, especially lamb’s hearts, leftovers, veggies, and raw bones from the butcher.
When I brought Molly, my first Miniature Bull Terrier home in 2002, I was confused when, at our first vet appointment, we were gifted a bag of kibble – apparently the new way of feeding dogs for maximum health. On the way home I quickly reflected on this and as we lived near an excellent butcher’s shop, I thought I didn’t need this bag, especially as Molly’s breeder had recommended that I fed her on raw green tripe!
My passion to feed Molly for optimum health inspired my study on canine (and feline) nutrition at the College of Integrated Veterinary Therapies.
The field of nutrition changes almost daily with science increasingly confirming the health value of fresh and functional whole foods on a human level, but this is the same for dogs.
These foods should be ‘bio-available’, meaning the type of food that can be digested, broken down and absorbed seamlessly into the bloodstream from the small intestine, before being circulated to every cell in the body and fuelling them with ‘micro-nutrients’ and energy.
Thinking of food as impacting positively on cellular expression isn’t new, but what is new is realising that many overly processed options can be classed as an ‘environmental stressor’; sometimes referred to as an ‘anti-nutrient’, which has been defined as: “a toxic contagion in your surroundings that accumulates over time to impact negatively on health and mental wellbeing.”
Appreciating the role of food as a ‘pillar of health’, the new science of Epigenetics investigates the interplay between our environment, not least nutrition, that either impacts positively or negatively to genetic expression.
Determining whether nutrition promotes health or creates disease, each of our trillions of cells is surrounded by a semi-permeable structure called the Epigenome. This is responsible for selecting and transferring nutrients like metabolites into the Genome – this is where DNA is stored in almost every cell.
Ideally only ‘good’, appropriate nutrients should be allowed into the genome; but inevitably in our modern environments, many contaminants like sugars, antibiotics, and chemicals will also enter through its semi-permeable structure and over time, potentially contribute to distorting genetic expression, promoting inflammation and disease.
Dogs can’t choose and buy the food they eat; they are dependant on their pet parents to do that for them. Having advised on many dog nutritional consults, I’ve seen how dogs have been transformed by a switch from ultra-processed food to either a raw or cooked balanced and complete species appropriate alternative.
This is in both healthy dogs and those suffering from a condition; be it kidney issues, diabetes, liver problems or pancreatitis, where tailored, natural diets support an integrated wellness strategy.
There is research that proves that puppies weaned to a raw, balanced and complete diet have a greater diversity and a higher proliferation of the good ‘Bifidobacterium’ in their microbiomes, compared to puppies weaned onto an ultra-processed, sterile kibble option.
If we really are what we eat, simply being aware of some simple superfoods to add to any diet, like the age-old remedy bone broth, could enhance a meal’s functional nutritional element, arguably most notably when added to ultra-processed choices. This broth is packed with functional nutrients, including an abundance of proteins, especially collagen, glucosamine, chondroitin, electrolytes and sodium.
Science has investigated its impact on the microbiome (where the immune system resides); the results suggest that bone broth not only strengthens the gut lining, but promotes ‘good’ bacteria whilst reducing ‘bad’ bacteria in the microbiome, and increases the diversity of bacteria species.
It’s as if bone broth naturally creates balance or homeostasis, which is a key element in maintaining optimum health.
It suggests that perhaps we really are ‘what we eat’.
As a Canine Nutrition and Behaviour expert, Anna combines her psychology degree, with study at the College of Integrated Veterinary Therapies (CIVT) and over 20 years of experience. Host of the award-nominated A DOG’S LIFE podcast, she lives in London and is owned by Prudence, a Miniature Bull Terrier and Mr. Binks, a re-homed English Toy Terrier. www.annawebb.co.uk
The nation rejoices the very welcome news, that finally, Government has passed Legislation to make pet abduction a criminal offence.
Under the new Pet Abduction Act 2024 – which was a Private Members’ Bill sponsored by Anna Firth MP and Lord Black of Brentwood and supported by the Government – anyone found guilty of stealing a pet in England or Northern Ireland will face up to five years in prison, a fine, or both.
In my podcast, I’ve chatted with SAMPA (The Stolen and Missing Pets Alliance) several times, not least with Sir Duncan Smith and Dr Daniel Allen.
The new law, whilst brilliant news, has been campaigned for years and falling on deaf ears for decades, so it’s testament to the hard work of the Pet Theft Taskforce for not giving up!
The new law recognises that cats and dogs are not inanimate objects, but sentient beings capable of experiencing distress and other emotional trauma when they are stolen from their owners or keepers.
Evidence from the Pet Theft Taskforce suggests around 2,000 dog and over 400 cat theft crimes were reported to police in 2020, causing considerable distress for owners and their pets alike.
It was late last summer, still in the wake of Government shelving of what was called the Animal Welfare (Kept Animals) Bill, when I chatted to Dr Daniel Allen, Animal Geographer at Keele University and champion of Pet Theft Reform/Taskforce.
Dr Dan, along with SAMPA and Vets Get Scanning, continued to lobby Government for a separate law with appropriate penalties for stealing all pets as the victims of organised crime for decades.
Brought to a head in the pandemic when the demand for puppies outstretched supply, along with prices for puppies soaring to ridiculous levels, canny criminal activity reached preposterous levels with scamming, stealing dogs in daylight, breaking into private gardens and more.
As a crime defined under the antiquated Theft Act 1968, dogs were classed in law as chattel. This meant that stealing dogs was a low-risk, high-gain business for criminals. The penalty was the same for stealing a laptop, a phone or a car.
During the pandemic there was much talk of creating a specific law that factored in the enormous emotional attachment between dogs and their owners and the trauma to individuals suffering from this ‘abduction’.
Just nine months after the airing of my podcast with Dr Dan Allen, it is in part due to his persistence to see justice for our pets as family members, that this new legislation has been passed.
The Pet Abduction Act 2024 is arguably the biggest step forwards in animal welfare since the Animal Welfare Act was introduced in 2006.
As a Canine Nutrition and Behaviour expert, Anna combines her psychology degree, with study at the College of Integrated Veterinary Therapies (CIVT) and over 20 years of experience. Host of the award-nominated A DOG’S LIFE podcast, she lives in London and is owned by Prudence, a Miniature Bull Terrier and Mr. Binks, a re-homed English Toy Terrier. www.annawebb.co.uk
Shockingly, Rabies is currently responsible for an estimated 59,000 agonising human deaths per year, of which 40% are children – mainly those living in poor rural communities in Africa and Asia that are farthest from medical and veterinary services.
In up to 99% of human rabies cases, dogs are responsible for the virus transmission. Thousands of dogs (and other animals) suffer and die due to both the disease and the indiscriminate culling prompted by fear of the disease.
This is why Wild at Heart Foundation supports World Rabies Day, which is an awareness and fundraising initiative to help prevent human deaths from dog-mediated rabies, whilst relieving the burden of rabies in other animal populations, especially in dogs.
The global aim is to eliminate human deaths from dog rabies by 2030, by working with governments, veterinary, public health and educational experts; and communities to facilitate policy change and build capacity to eliminate rabies in areas hardest hit by the disease.
In the hope that with sustained vaccination over multiple years, the disease can be eliminated, Wild at Heart Foundation is continually raising funds to work with its global animal welfare partners.
Helping fund and facilitate sterilisation and vaccination programs to immunise dogs and protect their communities from the threat of rabies whilst educating local populations is the multi-layered approach that can succeed.
Nevertheless, Rabies remains a killer disease to all mammals. It is Zoonotic (spread between animals, and from animals to humans), as a viral disease that attacks the central nervous system. Once clinical symptoms appear, including a fever, hydrophobia or fear of water and a fear of fresh air and drafts, rabies is virtually 100% fatal.
Yet Rabies is vaccine-preventable. With prompt post-rabies exposure, the administration of prophylaxis (PEP) can prevent the virus from reaching the central nervous system. PEP consists of thorough wound washing, administration of a course of human rabies vaccine and, when indicated, rabies immunoglobulins (RIG).
In richer countries like Canada and America where wildlife including wolves, bears, racoons, bats and skunks have been a ‘Rabies’ threat to pet dogs and cats, a mandatory rabies vaccination is required no later than eight months of age. The duration of immunity will vary according to the vaccine brand ranging from a year to five years.
In the UK we’re lucky in that ‘the British Isles’ is a Rabies free zone. The last outbreak was recorded in 1902. Any animal cases since then have been from dogs or cats having contracted the disease abroad and have shown symptoms.
When the Pet Passport Scheme was introduced back in 2000, it truly was a landmark moment not just for dog ownership, but it opened up a travel market for pets, especially dogs. Prior to this, it was impossible to holiday in mainland Europe with your dog unless, on your return, you were prepared to leave your dog in quarantine for six months.
The mandatory requirements of the PETS Passport were being microchipped, the Rabies vaccine, and a wormer to be given no less than 48 hours before returning to the UK. Before 2012, serological immunity to the Rabies vaccine was confirmed with a blood test, and owners had to wait six months before travelling. This provided a six-month ‘quarantine’ period, ensuring the dog was immune to Rabies. Back then Vets recommended that puppies were at least six months old to receive a Rabies vaccine. So, the process needed planning in advance, and prevented puppies from being brought into UK ‘under-age’.
In 2012 the rules were made more flexible, reducing the waiting / quarantine period to three weeks, and the age for a puppy to receive a Rabies vaccine to 12 weeks. Making travelling with your dog or cat to mainland Europe even more accessible. This opened up a new market known as #DogFriendly, which encouraged pet owners to be more adventurous as thousands of pets would travel under the PETS Scheme.
However, after Brexit in January 2020, the Pet Passport Scheme was dissolved, and replaced by The Animal Health Certificate (AHC). Similar to the original PETS passport, the dog must be microchipped, and have proof of a current ‘Rabies’ inoculation. The new certificate scheme similarly is allowed from 12 weeks, and travel is permitted after a 21 day ‘incubation’ period after the first rabies shot.
As a Canine Nutrition and Behaviour expert, Anna combines her psychology degree, with study at the College of Integrated Veterinary Therapies (CIVT) and over 20 years of experience. Host of the award-nominated A DOG’S LIFE podcast, she lives in London and is owned by Prudence, a Miniature Bull Terrier and Mr. Binks, a re-homed English Toy Terrier. www.annawebb.co.uk
Your dog does so much to help improve and enrich your life! Let’s make sure you are giving back to them, ensuring they have the happiest life.
We have done some research and found the top 5 ways that a happy home will benefit your dog.
Make sure that your dog has their own place that is safe, warm and cosy. This allows them to feel relaxed and comfortable. It is also better, especially for where they will be sleeping, to have a quiet comfortable space away from loud noises or busy areas of the house. Some dogs even prefer to sleep in a crate or a doggy den – somewhere that is theirs.
It is crucial that your dog maintains a healthy weight for their size. Your vet will have a lot of advice about the most suitable food for your dog’s size, age and activity level. Believe me, I know how tempting it is to give in to those puppy dog eyes and sneak them some food from your own plate. However, not all human food is suitable for your dog and can badly affect their health. Remember how important it is for your pet to eat healthily. Now, we all love to give our pups treats, but they can contribute to weight gain. Treats are a great training tool, so we need to keep using them, but just in moderation. A nice bowl of clean fresh water is also essential, especially on hot days.
Your pup needs regular exercise for their physical and mental wellbeing. Getting outside for walks gives your dog the chance to stretch their legs, have a sniff around all the different smells and get fresh air. It also gives the opportunity keep them in shape and give them a change of scenery to break up their day. I would say that it is important to consider each dogs individual personalities. Some dogs like a calmer life, to cuddle and nap whilst others may prefer to play and be outside. Others may prefer long walks and meeting other dogs whereas others would rather spend their time pottering and sniffing around the local park or the garden.
It is so important not only to exercise your dog’s body but also their mind. Providing your dog with enrichment activities is a great way to prevent boredom and teach them new skills. Also, if your dog is suffering from an injury or recovering from surgery, it can be a great way to tire them out. Training your dog is also crucial to make them feel safe and secure. It will also build their confidence. Start your training young as this will give them the best start and help to prevent behaviour problems from developing as they grow. Dogs are very intelligent and will get bored if they’re not regularly stimulated.
Check out our blog “How to Entertain Your Dog While Working from Home” for some enrichment ideas.
Everyone deserves to feel loved, especially our canine companions. Showing them love and respect will help you build a bond with them. It is also important to praise and reward good behaviour. Another way to show them love, is by taking care of their grooming and medical needs to keep them looking healthy and feeling comfortable. We know that a trip to the vet isn’t always an enjoyable experience for some dogs, but it is essential that they have regular check-ups to they are healthy. If your dog is nervous, try dropping in with them to say hello and enjoy some treats, to help future treatments trips go as smoothly as possible.
However much we would love to have a good chat with our pups, we can’t. So, although they can’t tell us how they feel, they will show us through their behaviour and body language. Spending time with your dog will allow you to get to know their behaviours, so you will know when they’re happy and notice if there are any changes.
We would love to hear how your dog has helped you, send us a message on our socials – @wild_at_heart_foundation